As users grow increasingly wary of Big Tech’s grip on social media, alternative platforms are gaining momentum. While networks like Bluesky and Mastodon have attracted those looking to leave X, others are building decentralized alternatives to TikTok. Now, independent developers are setting their sights on Instagram, aiming to create open-source, ad-free photo-sharing experiences that challenge Meta’s dominance.

These emerging platforms may not yet rival Instagram’s massive user base of over 2 billion monthly active users, but their ability to carve out dedicated communities is drawing attention. Investors are taking note of the open social web’s potential, and younger users—particularly Gen Z—are showing interest in new platforms over returning to Instagram.

Here’s a look at some of the leading Instagram alternatives built on open protocols like ActivityPub (used by Mastodon) and AT Protocol (developed by Bluesky).

Pixelfed: The Federated Photo Network

Pixelfed isn’t new, but its recent launch of official mobile apps for iOS and Android has sparked renewed interest. Built on the ActivityPub protocol—also used by Mastodon, PeerTube, Threads, and Flipboard—Pixelfed is part of the growing “fediverse.”

Much like Instagram, Pixelfed enables users to share and explore photos and videos, as well as send direct messages. However, it differentiates itself with an ad-free experience, decentralized infrastructure, open-source development, and a commitment to chronological feeds. These features appeal to users looking for an alternative to algorithm-driven social media.

Flashes: Bluesky’s Photo-Centric Contender

Flashes, a new Instagram-like app built on Bluesky’s AT Protocol, recently entered beta testing. The platform operates under the same media constraints as Bluesky, allowing up to four photos per post and videos up to one minute long. By leveraging Bluesky’s decentralized framework, Flashes offers users an alternative social space without the corporate oversight of Meta.

Pinksky: Bringing a Visual Experience to Bluesky

Another app built on Bluesky’s protocol, Pinksky, is designed to provide a photo-first experience. Unlike traditional Instagram clones, Pinksky integrates directly with Bluesky’s existing network, meaning users can connect with their Bluesky friends even if those friends aren’t using Pinksky yet. With an interface reminiscent of Instagram—including tappable Stories at the top—it aims to attract users who want a visual-centric social media experience without the dominance of viral trends or algorithmic feeds.